Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition to Latin American cities: Comparison of field and Geos-Chem model estimates
Alexandra G. Ponette-González1, Haley Lews2, Barron H. Henderson3, Danilo Carnelos4, Gervasio Piñeiro5, Kathleen C. Weathers6 and Donna Schwede7
In Latin America, atmospheric deposition is a major, and sometimes the primary, vector of nitrogen (N) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, our objectives were to: (1) estimate rates of atmospheric wet inorganic N (NH4-N + NO3-N) deposition to 16 Latin American cities using observed and modeled N deposition data; and (2) evaluate the performance of a global 3-D chemical transport model in predicting observed wet N deposition rates within and across sites. Published estimates of wet or bulk (hereafter wet) inorganic N deposition measured between 2006-2010 were compiled and annual wet, dry particulate, and dry inorganic N deposition to Latin America was modeled using the GEOS-Chem Chemical Transport Model. We evaluated the performance of GEOS-Chem for modeling inorganic wet N deposition to Latin American cities using spatial assessments, linear regression analysis, and the normalized mean bias. Mean annual inorganic N deposition for sites with in-situ measurements of both NH4-N and NO3-N ranged from 2.78-16.8 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Ammonium-N was generally the dominant form of N deposited, comprising 48-90% of observed inorganic N. Spatial patterns of observed N were similar to modeled estimates of wet N deposition. However, the model underestimated observed NH4-N deposition at most sites, while the model both over- and under-estimated NO3-N deposition. Use of modeled wet plus dry particulate N as a predictor of observed N did not improve R2 values but resulted in a slight improvement in normalized mean bias for NH4-N and inorganic N. GEOS-Chem captured variation in N deposition across sites better than variation among years at any given site. Our preliminary findings suggest that even at coarse spatial resolution, GEOS-Chem performs relatively well when compared to in-situ measured deposition in under-sampled urban areas of Latin America.
1University of North Texas, alexandra@unt.edu 2Northwestern University, haleylewis2022@u.northwestern.edu 3Environmental Protection Agency, henderson.barron@epa.gov 4Universidad de Buenos Aires, carnelos@agro.uba.ar 5Universidad de Buenos Aires, pineiro@agro.uba.ar 6Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, weathersk@caryinstitute.org 7Environmental Protection Agency, Schwede.Donna@epa.gov