PARTICULATE MATTER DEPOSITION TO URBAN ROCK PIGEON (Columba livia) FEATHERS

Jennifer Ellis1, Dr. Alexandra Ponette-González2, Dr. Jeff Johnson3 and Dr. Matthew Fry4

Birds have been used extensively as biomonitors of anthropogenic pollution with most research focused on internal accumulation of pollutants in bone, tissue, and feathers, and less on the external deposition of pollutants to bird surfaces.  Rock pigeons (Columba livia) are a common bird species in urban environments and thus can serve as a useful study species for investigating how pollutant deposition varies across the landscape.  This research investigates particulate matter (PM) deposition to rock pigeons in urban environments within Denton County, Texas.  In summer 2020, feathers were sampled from rock pigeons at three locations varying in degree of urban development and distance to emissions sources. Coarse-scale land cover data and the fine-scale HERCULES classification were used to characterize rock pigeon habitat within a 2-km radius of each sampling location. In addition, a low-cost portable particle counter was used to monitor small and large particle concentrations at the sites. Birds were captured using walk-in funnel traps baited with bird seed.  From each bird, older feathers based on molting pattern, one primary from each wing and two tail feathers, were sampled and the bird released unharmed.  From each population sampled, a total of two new primary feathers were also plucked for comparison.  Feathers will be washed with double deionized water and acetone, and the solution vacuum filtered sequentially to separate three fractions of PM: (1) large particles greater than 10 µm, (2) coarse particles 2.5 – 10 µm (PM10); and (3) fine particles ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5).  PM mass will be determined by gravimetric analysis and calculated per unit feather surface area. Preliminary findings on PM deposition to bird feathers will be presented. Such information will prove valuable for determining the suitability of feathers of a common urban bird species to monitor variations in PM in small-scale urban environments.

 

1University of North Texas Dept. of Geography & the Environment, jenniferellis4@my.unt.edu
2University of North Texas Department of Geography & the Environment, alexandra.ponette@unt.edu
3University of North Texas Department of Biological Sciences, jeff.johnson@unt.edu
4University of North Texas Department of Geography & the Environment, matthew.fry@unt.edu