Applying New Technologies to Arctic Mercury Monitoring

Sarrah Dunham-Cheatham1, Stefan Osterwalder2, Olivier Magand3, Aurélien Dommergue4, Jeroen Sonke5 and Mae Sexauer Gustin6

Despite large-scale mercury (Hg) pollution in the Arctic having negative effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the sources and cycling of Hg within this region are not well understood. Through an international collaborative effort, new technologies were deployed at a high Arctic station, the Zeppelin Observatory located close to Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, to better understand atmospheric Hg behavior and chemical speciation. The sampling campaign spanned from April to July 2019, capturing two distinct Arctic Mercury Depletion Events (AMDE) and the annually observed peak of gaseous elemental Hg in summer. The technologies included a University of Nevada, Reno-Reactive Mercury Active System 2.0 (UNR-RMAS 2.0), passive Aerohead samplers to measure dry deposition of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) to membrane surfaces, and carbon sorbents for isotope analyses to identify possible sources of Hg. New to the Arctic Hg monitoring network, the UNR-RMAS 2.0 is an active sampling technique that collects reactive Hg (RM = GOM + particulate-bound Hg (PBM)) on cation exchange and nylon membranes that are then analyzed for total RM and RM chemistry, respectively. The UNR-RMAS 2.0 has been upgraded to allow for measurement of RM, GOM, and PBM concentrations and chemistry, and can be coupled with additional chemical (e.g., ion chromatography) and statistical (e.g., peak deconvolution) analyses. Results from the membrane-based techniques in the Arctic indicated that the active and passive sampling technologies yield similar trends in RM concentrations and that RM speciation changes from predominantly halide- (-Brx, -Clx) or nitrogen-based compounds prior to the AMDE to mixtures of halide- and nitrogen-based compounds after the events. This work has important implications for local, regional, and global policies, as well as for refinement of Hg modeling efforts.

 

1University of Nevada, Reno, sdunhamcheatham@unr.edu
2CNRS, IRD, G-INP, IGE, University Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France, stefan.osterwalder@unibas.ch
3CNRS, IRD, G-INP, IGE, University Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France, olivier.magand@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
4CNRS, IRD, G-INP, IGE, University Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France, aurelien.dommergue@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
5CNRS, IRD, GET, University of Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France, jeroen.sonke@get.omp.eu
6Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA, mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu