The Anthropogenic Impact on Precipitation Quality

Courtney Davis1, Charles Driscoll2, Mario Montesdeoca3 and Dimitar Todorov4

Atmospheric deposition can be an important input and can affect the structure and function of watersheds and water bodies. Many studies have been conducted on atmospheric deposition, but have largely focused on rural areas, leaving much unknown about urban deposition. In this research, we assess deposition patterns of urban Syracuse NY and compare observations with a rural reference site in Skaneateles NY. Some lakes in the region suffer from legacy mercury pollution while others have recently endured harmful algal blooms which can be caused by excessive nutrient loadings. These issues make analytes such as total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and total mercury (THg) of interest in Central NY. To assess the impacts of atmospheric deposition, samples are collected utilizing both wet-only and bulk precipitation collectors at each location following each significant precipitation event (>0.2 in) and are measured for 25 analytes, including TN, TP and THg. Concentrations are coupled with precipitation quantities for each event to determine the loading of analytes. For most analytes, the concentrations are greater at the urban than the rural site. In both the urban and rural locations, the concentrations of TN, TP, and THg are typically greater in bulk than wet-only deposition, with bulk TP much greater than wet-only suggesting the importance of dust. Concentrations of THg are higher during the growing season, while TP and TN are higher during the non-growing season. Orthophosphate is a small fraction of TP (< 2%), while NH4+ is the major form of TN (46-70%) with significant fractions of NO3- (30-40%) and organic N (0-20%). Concentrations of TP in wet-only and bulk deposition are higher at the urban site (300-400 µg P/L) than the rural area (20-100 µg P/L), but both are elevated compared with local surface waters (4-25 µg P/L). At the rural site, TP peaks in the spring and is correlated with TN and potassium, suggesting fertilizer or manure application as a source. At the urban site, TP is elevated and correlated with chloride suggesting a relation with the use of road deicers. These results indicate that urban and rural deposition patterns can be influenced by very different sources many of which are anthropogenic in origin.

 

1Syracuse University, cdavis01@syr.edu
2Syracuse University, ctdrisco@syr.edu
3Syracuse University, mmontesd@syr.edu
4Utica College, ditodoro@utica.edu