Mercury Wet Deposition Differences by Precipitation Type at One Remote Island Site in Northwest Pacific and Two Sites in Northern Taiwan in 2010-2015
Guey-Rong Sheu1, Tin-Long Lei2 and Neng-Huei Lin3
A nation-wide wet Hg deposition monitoring network, consisting of 11 sampling sites in Taiwan and a remote island site in subtropical Northwest Pacific Ocean, was established to collect weekly rainwater samples for total Hg analysis since 2009. Recent studies indicate that Hg wet deposition is influenced by precipitation type, usually higher Hg concentrations and/or depositions associate with thunderstorms. Using 6 years (2010-2015) of wet Hg deposition measurements at a remote island site (Pengjiayu) in Northwest Pacific Ocean and 2 sites (Anbu and Taipei) in northern Taiwan, we explored and reported here the effect of precipitation type on wet Hg deposition. Taipei is an urban site and Anbu is a mountain site inside a national park near the city of Taipei. Six-year volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations of rainwater Hg were 7.77, 10.01 and 10.60 ng/L at Pengjiayu, Mt. Bamboo and Taipei, respectively. Average annual wet deposition fluxes were 11.89, 41.24, and 26.03 μg/m2/yr, respectively. Much higher wet Hg deposition flux at Anbu was because of much higher rainfall depth (4549 mm) compared to Pengjiayu (1662 mm) and Taipei (2369 mm). Wet deposition events were classified into 7 precipitation types, including frontal system in spring (FS), circulation associates with high pressure in spring (HS), Pacific high pressure in summer (PH), typhoon (TP), low pressure in southern China or the South China Sea (LS), frontal system in fall and winter (FA), and northeast monsoon flow (NE). Because of notable surface heating under summer PH conditions, precipitation systems usually form locally as a result of strong convection. The highest VWM concentrations of rainwater Hg were found to associate with the PH precipitation type at all the sites, with values of 18.35, 16.34, and 17.39 ng/L at Pengjiayu, Anbu and Taipei, respectively. This is possibly due to the scavenging of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) from above the mixing layer by convective precipitation in summer.
1National Central University, grsheu@atm.ncu.edu.tw
2National Central University, owenlong10@gmail.com
3National Central University, nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw