Detecting Past and Future Trends in
Nitrogen Deposition: A Modeling Study to Guide the
Placement of Future Monitoring Sites
Robert W. Pinder, Alice B. Gilliland, Robin L. Dennis
ASMD, NOAA, ALR, RTP, NC, 27711
In partnership with NERL, USEPA
Previous studies have reported large
changes in concentrations and deposition fluxes observed in the national monitoring
networks (NADP, CASTNet, and STN). However, as the focus of regulated emission
reductions turns from SO2 to NOx, it is important to re-assess the location
of the network monitoring sites to ensure sufficient coverage in order to
evaluate the effectiveness of the regulated emission changes. This research
examines the sensitivity of monitored concentrations and
deposition fluxes to emission changes for two cases: (1) previous emission
reductions during the NOx SIP call (2002 – 2005) and (2) future projected
emission changes planned for the Clean Air Interstate Rule (2010 and 2020).
To estimate this sensitivity, we use the Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) model. First, using the well-known emission changes of the NOx SIP
Call, we evaluate the CMAQ model predicted sensitivity using monitoring network
observations of concentration and deposition for that time period. Second,
we apply CMAQ to estimate concentrations and deposition for the future years
of 2010 and 2020 in response the Clean Air Interstate Rule. By the year 2020,
after substantial reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions, we estimate large changes
in the composition and spatial extent of inorganic aerosol. This causes a
highly variable change in the spatial distribution of reduced nitrogen (NH3
+ NH4 +) deposition. Given only current monitoring network locations and speciation,
this change will not be well quantified.
DISCLAIMER: The research presented here was performed under
the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and under agreement number DW13921548. This work constitutes
a contribution to the
NOAA Air Quality Program. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and
approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or
views.